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Rashi

Rabbi Shlomoh Yitskhaki (acronym and the name he's really know by: Rashi), 1040-1105, mostly of Troyes, France. One of the real biggies. 1. The Talmud is impossible to read without Rashi's commentary. 2. Rashi's commentary to the Torah is the most standard, and most reprinted commentary, providing a mix of his own analysis and a collection of rabbinic midrash. 3. He founded a very important school of Talmudic learning, many of whose important students were also his descendants, and which was largely responsible for the survival of European Jewish learning through the Crusades.

Responsum (pl. Responsa)

The answers of leading rabbis to questions of Jewish practice posed to them by other rabbis or lay-people. The tradition of these questions and answers (called in Hebrew, She'elot Uteshuvot, or known by the acronym, "shoot") stretches back many centuries and is an important source of teaching on Jewish practice.

Rimonim

(literally, pomegranates). These decorative knobs, called finials in English adorn the Etz Hayyim, the wooden rollers. Today, rimonim are typically made of silver but have also been made of wood.